MSC has 4 main elements: a. In HLR we find out whether the subscriber is eligible for a few services like able to make international calls and etc. All the blocked IMEI are in black list. MSC authenticates all the subscriber details; once the authentication is complete the call is transferred to the MSC of the destination where the call has to end Bnumber. There are two types of calls: a. Onnet: Where the calling party and the called party are of the same operator b.
Offnet: Where the calling party and the called party are of different operator whether it is international or local call. From the revenue perspective, the onnet — offnet calls and the difference is very important. As the operators pay a fee pre-decided in the contract when their call is being terminated over the other operator or the carrier We will learn about this in detail later.
Hence the terminating calls are considered revenue generating. The operator is using its own network element to originate Anumber as well as to terminate Bnumber the call. In an offnet local call the call originating operator pays the call terminating operator. Whereas, in the offnet international call the call originator pays the carrier, who then pays to call terminating operator.
As we are here to generate revenue and increase the income, the rates for international calls are much higher than the local calls. The payment is done on the predefined currency. Every operator and carrier has a contract which defines the rate at which they will pay to each other. Normally, the payment is done in relation to the duration of the calls travelled from the operator to the carrier and vice versa.
The CDR primarily contains: a. Anumber- Calling Party b. Bnumber- Called Party c. Timestamp — At what time did the call originate d. Duration — How long did the call last for There are various other fields are also generated but the above 4 fields are very important to help in generation of bill for postpaid or deducting balance for prepaid in OCS- Online Charging System. It is used to control and monitor the system and various network elements.
Download Free PDF. Zarni Maung. A short summary of this paper. Every mobile operator in the world should have SMS services beside the voice. With voice they can real time communication in same time, but in SMS we just send our message and wait whether it delivered or not. Some question often arises is how SMS works? Why my message not delivered to my friend?
Why sometimes the message just arrived to my friends in the next hour not real time? Here I just try to explain the basic SMS flow and works in our mobile operator to make understand us as a mobile subscriber. SMS and Voice is primary service in common mobile operator. The SMS is non-circuit related, while the circuit voice service is so important to understand in terms of the protocol used.
I will explain it overview in other articles. Basically we can send SMS to other subscriber or to some services like short code which have digit less than prefix number. They work in different environment protocol they are using. Maybe you ever got message from a short code which consists of advertisement from your operator. It is one of services which operator can provide.
How about Service Provider which using like web application in their service? In this article, I just explain the basic overview about SMS. I hope with this articles you have basic overview before we discuss further as technically procedure of SMS works. So we need protocol conversion between that domains in our SMS Center. Commonly it is using SS7 card or other external devices to do same function. So the message which is sent is just arrived in SMSC of his operator, not yet reached destination number.
Next we can say that if message already delivered to destination number, the sender will get the notification which we call as delivery report. Hot about MT? It is the way how SMS Center send message to destination number. We continue our discuss. I suggest you to read basicly about addressing SS7 protocol. IN will reply it and answer about permission of that subscriber. Until here, the process MO Mobile Originated end. This flow mentioned as Mobile Originated MO.
Now we try to discuss about Mobile Terminated MT. What is MT message?
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